Chuck



Nov. 23 1926. I 1,608,462

W. M. CUTLER CHUCK.

.Filed July 8, 1921 2 sheets-Sheet 2 Z'H MMT@ VT/51666.

Patented Nov. 23, 192.

unirse sTATEsPATsNT- OFFICE.

VVALLACE M. CUTLER, OFVINDSQR LOCKS, CCNNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TOTHE E. HORTON & SON COMPANY, F VJ'INDSOR LGCIIS, CONNECTICUT, .A CORPORATION 0F CON- NnoTionT.

CHUCK.

Application filed July S,

i This invention pertains to improvements in chucks, and more particularly, though not exclusively, to' improvements in chucks of a type adapted to grip and release the `work either While the chuck body is rotating or at rest. It isl among the yobjectsV of theinvention to provide a superior chuck of simple and eilicient construction.

In' the drawings, which show a preferred 'form of one embodiment of my invention :f-a

Figure 1 is a front elevation ofV a. pre ferred form of chuck;

Fig.v Qis a section on the line 2 2 of Fig. l, being partly in elevation; and n Fig. 3 is a section on the line 33 of Fig. 2, being partly in elevation.

Referring tothe drawings and to the preferred form of my invention 'selected for lustrative purposes, have shown a chuck including afbody 4 providing' a plurality ot radial slots in which are mounted chuck jaws 5 which, inthe preferred form ot my invention illustrated, may be actuated to- Ward` and from the axis of the chuck by the i scroll 6. The scroll 6 is illustrative of one of several forms of, mechanism by rota-tion or oscillation ot which the chuck jaivs'rnay be actuated toward and from the wor-k. The present Vinvention relates more particularly to improved mechanism for actuating rotation or oscillation of the chuck avv-operating mechanism typified by the scroll 6: In the preferred :form of my invention illus trated, the jaw-operating mechanism-6 is adaptedto be rotated or oscillated by (hilerential gearing .which preferably includes, as illustrated, the internal gear 7 secured to or carried by the jaw-operating part 6, the dittiierential pinions 8, which may be as illustrated six in number, meshing with said internal gear 7 and rotatable on studs or journals 9 4carried by the platev or disc 10 rotatably mounted on the body oi the chuck so that it may be rotated or oscillated about the axis of the chuck body. In the preferred form of my invention illustra-ted, I have 'rovided, With'a vieu7 to reducing friction,

all bearings 11 bet-Ween the ring or plate and the chuck body.V On the studs or journals 9 and secured to the pinions 8, I have'provided pinions` 12, also six in nurnber and of different size from the pinions 8, and meshing Withthe internal gear 13 secured to and rotatable with the chuck 132-1. Serial No. 483,255.

body. The gears and pinions constituting the diiIerential interposed between the chuck body and the jaw-actuating part, typified by the scroll 6`I may be of any suitable pitch., but the ratio between the pinions 8 and the gear 7 as compared with the ratio between the pinions 12 and the gear 13 should be such that if vrelative movement about the axis of the chuck takes place between the chuck body and the plate or disc 10 carrying the studs or journals 9 and the pinions 12 and 8, the pinions 12 and `8 Will cooperate to rotate the. chuck jaw-:operating part 6 relative to the chuck body.` Thus, When the chuck body is not rotating about its axis, if the plate or disc 10 be rotated about the axis of the chuck body the pinion 12 will be rotated by reason of its engagement with the internal gear 13 carried by the chuck body. `The pinion f8 being secured to the pinion 12 `Will rotate at the same speed as the pinion 12, and will in turn effect a relatively slow rotation of the 7 meshing therewith and of the jaw-actuating part 6 secured to the gear 7. By varying the proportions of the diliierentialgears', any suitable speed reduction between `the disc 10 and the chuck jaw-actuating parte may be effected. I prefer7 as shown, that there shall be a relatively small degree ot differential action so that there may be a ,very considerable increase in torque exerted ou the jaw-'actuating part (3 as compared with that applied to the disc or plate 10.

IWhen the chuck body is not rotating With the lathe spindle the jaws vliill be actuated to and 'from the Work by rotary movement of the plate or disc 10 in the appropriate direction. lVhen the chuck asa Whole rotating with the lathel spindle, retardation of the plate or disc 10 A(While the chuck body continuesto rotate Withthe lathe spindle) will produce relative rotary movement between the chuck body and the plate or disc 10 to actuatethejaws in one direction. To actuate the jaws in the other" direction, I preferably provide suitable means Jfor accelerating the rate ot rotation ot the plate or disc 10 relative to the chuck body.

` In the preferred form of my invention illustrated; I have combined the means for retarding the plate or disc 10 and for accelerating thesame providing a lever fulcrumed at 21 and providing a friction brake lill) Cil chuck body. 24 and the exterior surface of the flange -23 22 which may, as illust-rated, be brought in contact with the inner surface of the flange 23l connected to and forming a part of the plate or disc l0. lthe lever 20, as viewed in Figs. l and 3, will A downward pressure on apply retarding or braking pressure to the flange 23. To accelerate rotation of th i flange l23 and therefore of the plate or disc l0 relative to the chuck body, l may provide, as illustrated, friction discs 24 and 25 of differentdiameters, the friction disc 25 being of smaller diameter and bearing against the outer peripheral wall of the chuck body while the friction disc 24, of larger diameter than the disc 25, bears against theouter wall of the Vflange 23 carried by the plate or disc l0. These friction discs 2li and 25 may be carried by the lever 20, which also carries the friction brake. Vhere, asillustrated, this form of accelerating means is utilized, the chuck body is larger in external diameter than the external diameter of the flange 23. Therefore, assuming the lever 2O be raised,

.as viewed in Figs. l and 3, the friction disc i5 will be rotated by contact with the peripheral wall of the chuck body at a rate determined by the rate of rotation of the chuck body, disregarding slippage. rlhe friction disc 24 is so constructed as to rotate at the same speed as the friction disc 25, either by being directly secured thereto or by being keyed to the same shaft. rThe peripheral portion of the friction disc 24E will,

therefore, be moving at a speed somewhat greater than that at which the peripheral portion of the flange 23 normally moves while rotating at the same speed as the The friction between the disc will therefore accelerate rotation of the flange 23 in the same direction as that in which the chuck body is rotating so that relative movement will take place between the plate or disc l0 and the chuck body, thereby effecting aw-operating movement of the jaw-operating part 6. Any suitable friction v'surfacing may if desired be pro vided between the friction discs 24 and 25 and the cooperating peripheral portions of the chuck.

l will now describe the operation of the chuck while at speed. Assuming the chuck jaws 5 to be used for external chucking and to be engaged with the work, the operator, to withdraw the aws from the work without stopping rotation of the lathe spindle, pulls upwardly on the lever 20, thus drawing the friction discs 24 and 25 into contact respectively with the peripheral portions of the flange 23 and of the chuck body ll. Y This rotates the friction discs 24 and 25 in a direction contrary to that in which the chuck body is rotating, the tendency being for the friction disc 25 ,tol be rotated somewhat faster than the friction disc 24. rihe two friction discs are, however, not rotatable relative to each other and therefore the friction disc 2e will be rotated at. the same speed as the friction disc 25 and will therefore tend to rotate the flange 23 at a speed somewhat greater than that at which the chuck as a whole is rotating. This acceleration of movement of the flange 23 will accelerate the plate or disc l0. As'the plate or disc l0 rotates relative to the chuck body, it carries with it the pinions 8 and l2. The rate of rotation of the pinions l2about their axes will be determined by the internal gear 13, since the lat-ter is secured to the chuck body and its rate of rotation is determined by the rate of rotation of the spindle carrying the chuck and cannot be varied by the differu rhe pinions 8 are secured ential mechanism. to and rotate at the same speed as the pinions l2, and the chuck jaw-actuating partG carrying the internal gear 7 will therefore be rotated relative to the chuck bodyV through at least a portion of a revolution by reason of the fact that the ratios between the pinions l2 and the gear 13 differ from the ratios between the pinions 8 and the gear 7. This rotation or partial rotation of the jaw-oper- Cil ating part 6 relative tothe chuck body will i actuate the jaws toward or from the work through whatever form of interposed mechanisin is used, the scroll illustrated being perhaps the medi-um preferable for Vmost purposes. lllhen the jaws 5 have released the work, the new work may be inserted bctween the jaws without stopping the spindle, and a downward pressure on the lever 2O will cause the brake 22 to bear against the inner surface of the flange 23, thereby retarding the plate or disc lO and causing the pinions 8 and l2 to revolve on their axes at a rate determined by the ratio between the pinions l2 and the cooperatinggear The pinions 3, rotating at the same speed as the pinions l2, will in turn cause the gear and chuck jaw-actuating part G to be rotated atleast through a portion of a revolution relative to the chuck body in a direction opposite to that before described in connection with release of the work by the chuck jaws, thus causing the chuck'jaws lo move toward and engage the work.

It will be obvious that the proportions and construction of the gears constituting' the differential mechanism may` be great-ly varied, that any suitable jaw-actuating mechanism may be substituted for the scroll, and generally that while l have shown anddescribed a preferred forni of one embodiment of my invention. it will be understood that major changes involving omission, substitution, alteration and reversal of parts, and even changes in the mode of operation, may be made vwithout departing from the scope of my invention, which is best defined in the following claims.

lil

mosaico Claims: l.. A clinch connnrisinar in combination, a body Xedrelativeto the spindle carrying the chuck. saidr body present-ing guides carrying reciprocable jaws non-rotatable relative to said body and spindle, and jaw-operating' in an'sincludi-ng dilferential gearscooperating with diilerential' pinio-ns, saiddi'iiferential pinions mounted eccentrica-Hy with respect to the chuck-carrying spindleandrotatable relative thereto in `either direction about the axis of the chuck tov effect vvorlrgripping and releasing movement of the jaws, saidl gears and pinions normally stationary relative "to each other When the chuck is rotating and the jaws are stationary relative to the chuck body.

2. ln a chuck for a lathe spindle, the combination 0I" a body rigidly secured to and rotating withV said spindle, a jaw carried by said body in non-rotatable relation to said body and spindle,a javv-operating` part oscillatable about the anis of the chuck,` and a gear carried bvsaid part, a second gear carried independently ot said jaw-operating part, said gears being concentric with the chuck, a pinion meshing with said firstnamed gear, a second `pinion meshing with said second-named gear, said gears andtheir ,cooperating pinions presenting different gear ratios, said gears and' pinions being no1'- -nially stationary relative to each other when the chuck is rotating and` the javvs are stationary relative to the chuck body, and means permitting bodily oscillation of the axes ot said pinions relative to the chuck body to eiiect movement of said jaw-operating part `relative to said chuck by differential action of said gears and pinions.

In a fhuclr for a lathe spindle, the combination of a body rigidly secured to and rotating With said spindle, jar-:s carried by said bodv in non-rotatable relation to said body and spindle, a. avv-operating part Yoscillatable about the axis of the chuck. and an internal gear carried by said part, a second internal gear carried independently ot said jamv-operatingpart, a pinion meshingV with said first-named gear, a second pinion meshinsT with said second-named gear, said gears and their cooperating pinions presenting diilerent gear ratios` said gears and `pinions beingr normally stationaryrelative to each other when the chuck is rotating: and the jaws are stationary relative to the chuck body, and means permittingbodily oscillation ot' said pinions relative to the chuck body to effect movement ot said jaw-operating; part relative to said chuck by differential action of said lfears and pinions.

4l. ln a chuck ior a lathe spindle, the coinbination` of a body rigidly secured to and rotating with said-spindle1 awa mountedl for reciprocation on said body'in non-rotatable relation to said body and spindle, jaw-opsaid `part and said pinion-carryingpart being arranged to effect relative to the chuck body andl the lathe spindle, and differenti-l gearing between y avr-operating `means said Work-gripping and relca.-r ne' movement of the jaws, and said differ nt-al gearing coinprising permanently nieshing gears normally stationary relative to eaclii other when the chuck is rotad'siiigf` and said jaws are stationary relative to the chucl body.

5. A; chuck` for a lathe spindle comprising, in combination, a bo(V rigidly secured to the lathe spindle, a. movable jaiv mounted in non- `rotatable rela-tion to saidlbodaf, jaw-operating mechanism including` a part mounted for turningV movement relative to said body, and

means includinr a member mounted for rotation relative to said body and having a reduction gear connection with said part proriding lor acceleration or retardation of the rate of rotation oi said part to produce turning movement of said part relative to said body in opposite directions,

6. il chuck comprising, inl combination, a

` body, jaw-operating mechanism including a part mounted for turning` movement relative to said body. and means providing for acceleration or retardation ot the rate ol rotationof said part to produce; turning Inoveinent ot said part relative to said body in `opposite directions,v said part and body presenting peripheral `portions ot different diameters and said means effect-ing acceleration including` friction rolls ot dille-rent diameters and means tor pressing' said rolls against said peripheral portions, whereby rotation of one ot'- said portions may produce relative rotation of the other. y

7. d chuck comprising, in combination, jaw-operating means includingr differential mechanism for rotating a jaw-movingr part `and a second diiiercntial meclmnism 'For acceleratinor rotation ot a portion o said lirstnamed diiierential mechanism in the same sense ot rotation as that in which the chuck is rotating.

8. A chuck comprising, in combination, a chuck body carrying movable jaws, a janvoperating part mounted Yfor turningr movenient in opposite directions` relative to said chuck body, differential vgearing' t'or actuatim;V said jaw-operating part including a pair ot relatively rotatable gears concentric with the chuck spindle and a pair of ditierential pinions meshing With said `sears mounted to rotate relative to said chuclbody, the jawoperating part and said gears. and means carrying;v said pinions presenting; a portion projectingF from the rear face ot said chuck body and arranged to be operated by mechanism for alternatively producing rotation of said pinions relative to the chuck body and said gears in opposite directions relative to the chuck body.

9. A lathe chuck comprising, in combination, a chuck body rigidly secured to the lathe spindle and carrying radially movable jaws, a jaw-operating part mounted for rotation relativeto the chuck body, differential gearing for actuating said jaw-operating from the rear face of the chuck arranged to be operated by mechanism whereby to produce relative movement of' the pinions with respect to the chuck body vin either direction to actuateV said jaw-operating part.

10. A lathe chuck comprising, in combination, a chuck body carrying movable jaws fixed to rotate with the lathe spindle, operating mechanism for said jaws, differential gearingl for actuating said operating mechanism, said gearingincluding a pair of pinions lmounted on an zxis rotatable with respect to the spindle, a pair cf'gears cooperating with said pinions, and a pinioncarrying part, and mechanical means cooperating with said pinion-carrying part to actuate said pinions alternatively in either direction.

11. A lathe chuck comprising, in combinationa chuck body carrying movable. jaws, a jaw-operating part rotatable rela-tive to said body in either direction to open and close said jaws, differential gearing for actuating said jaw-operating part; said gearing including an internal gear operatively connected to the jaw operating part, a second internal gear concentric 'with said first gear and operatively connected to the chuck body and a pair of pinions operatively secured together, meshing with said internal gears and rotatable about the lathe spindle relative to said internal gears; and a pinion carrier presenting a flange projecting rearwardly of the chuck whereby to cooperate with mechanism to produce the rotation of said spindle carrier in either direction relative to the chuck body.

12. A lathe chuck comprising, in combination, a chuck body having slidable jaws, j Lw-operating means rotatable. with respect to said jaws, a pair of annular gears, one on the jaw-operating means and the other operatively connected to the chuck body, differential pinions engaging the annular gears, and a rotatable pinion carrier mounted at one end of the chuck body and exposed for manipulation to control the motion of the chuck aws, said gears and pinionsV operatively interposed ybetween the chuck body and the pinion carrier.

13. A lathe chuck comprising, in combination, a chuck body having slidable jaws, jaw-operating means rotatable with respect to said jaws, a pair of' annular gears, one on the jaw-operating means and the other operatively connected to the chuck body,

of the pinion carrier during the rotation of t-he chuck body.

14. A chuck for a'lathe spindle having in combination, a body carried by said spindle in non-rotatable relation thereto, said body having on its forward face radially disposed slots, jaws slidably mountedl in said slots, a rearwardly opening recess in said body Vintersecting said slots, a scroll wheel in said recess having a scroll cam meshing with rack teeth carried by the bases of said jaws, internal gear teeth carried by said scroll wheel, a ring mounted rearwardly of' said scroll wheel and retaining it in said recess, internal gear teeth carried by said ring, a differential pinion carrier mounted for rotation onv said body and closing said recess receiving said scroll wheehsaid pinion carrier being` Vstationary relatively to said body when said jaws are stationary relatively to said body, forwardly projecting studs on said pinion carrier, differential pinions rotatably mounted on said studs and meshing with said internal gear teeth on said scroll wheel and ring, and said internal gear teeth and pinions presenting two sets of gears of different rat-io, whereby rotation of said pinion carrier in either of opposite directions relatively to said body will effect corresponding rotation of' said scroll wheel at materially reduced speed Jfor moving said jaws.

l5. A chuck for a lathe spindle having in combination, a body carried by said lathe spindle in non-rotatable relation thereto work gripping jaws, means movably connecting said jaws and said body in non-rotable relation, a member mounted on said body behind said jaws for oscillatory kmovement, a scroll connection between said member and jaws, said member on its rearward side carrying an annular series of gear teeth, an annular series of gear teeth carried by said body rearwardly of saidV member, an annular member mounted on said body for oscillatory movement, forwardly projecting studs on said annular member,

lll)

pinions on said stubs, and said pinions meshing with both annular series of gear teeth and forming therewith two sets of gears of different ratio, said annular Inemher being stationary relatively to said body when said jaws are stationary relatively to said body.

16. A chuck for a lathe spindle having in combination, a body carried by said spindle in a non-rotatable relation thereto, said body having on its forward 'face radially disposed slots, aws slidably mounted in said slots, a rearwardly opening recess in said body intersecting said slots, a scroll wheel in said recess having a scroll cam meshing with rack teeth carried by the bases of said jaws, internal gear teeth carried by said scroll wheel, a ring mounted rearwardly ot' said scroll wheel, internal gear teeth carried by said ring, a differential pinion carrier mounted for rotation on said body, said pinion carrier being stationary relatively to said body when said jaws are stationary relatively to said body, forwardly projecting studs on said pinion carrier, differential pinions rotably mounted on said studs and meshing with said internal gear teeth on said scroll wheel and ring, and said internal Year teeth and pinions presenting two sets ot gears of different ratio, whereby rotation of said pinion carrier in either of opposite directions relatively to said body will effect corresponding rotation ot said scroll wheel at materially reduced speed for moving said jaws.

17. A chuck having in combination, work gripping means, operator controlled means actuated by rotation ot' said chuck for moving said work gripping means transversely to the axis of rotation ot said chuck without rotating said work gripping means relatively to the spindle of said chuck, and said means including' differential gearing stationary relatively to said chuck when said jaws are stationary relatively to said chuck.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

WALLACE M. CUTLER. 

